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The water base that carries and dissolves the other ingredients in most products.
May suit
All hair and skin types.
Worth knowing
Almost always the first ingredient listed in water-based products.
Behentrimonium MethosulfateConditioning agents
Conditioning agent
A cationic conditioning ingredient that helps soften and detangle hair.
May suit
People looking for smoother, easier-to-comb hair, especially in conditioners and leave-in products.
Worth knowing
Despite the name, it is not a strong sulphate cleanser but a gentle, oil-loving conditioning compound derived from fatty alcohols.
Isoamyl LaurateConditioning agents
Lightweight emollient
Provides a smooth, conditioned feel by adding lightweight slip to hair without heaviness.
May suit
People who prefer light, non-greasy conditioning or who want softer feel without silicone.
Worth knowing
This biodegradable ester is often used as a plant-derived alternative to heavier emollients. It can help improve spreadability and reduce greasiness in hair products.
Cetyl AlcoholConditioning agents
Emollient and texture enhancer
Cetyl Alcohol helps soften the hair and gives products a smooth, creamy texture.
May suit
Those looking for conditioning, slip, or richer textures in their haircare products.
Worth knowing
Despite the name, fatty alcohols like cetyl alcohol are non‑drying and are commonly used to add emollience and stability to formulations.
GlycerinHumectants
Humectant
Attracts and holds water to help hair feel hydrated and soft.
May suit
Dry or dehydrated hair, and many curl and moisture routines.
Worth knowing
A very common, well-tolerated humectant used across countless products.
Behentrimonium ChlorideConditioning agents
Conditioning agent
A conditioning agent that helps detangle and soften, reducing static and roughness.
May suit
Most hair types, especially tangle-prone or coarse hair.
Worth knowing
A common conditioner ingredient despite the chloride name, which simply describes its chemistry.
Cetearyl AlcoholConditioning agents
Fatty alcohol conditioner
A fatty alcohol that helps soften hair and improve the texture of formulations.
May suit
People looking for smoother, more manageable hair or richer, creamier product textures.
Worth knowing
Despite the name, fatty alcohols are moisturising and conditioning rather than drying. They also help stabilise and thicken many haircare formulas.
Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed OilOils and butters
Emollient oil
A plant-derived oil that helps soften and condition the hair and scalp.
May suit
Those seeking lightweight natural oils for moisture, shine or scalp comfort.
Worth knowing
It is rich in fatty acids that support hair softness without feeling overly heavy. Often used as a carrier oil in both rinse-off and leave-in formulas.
Butyrospermum Parkii ButterOils and butters
Conditioning butter
A rich butter that softens and conditions, adding slip to dry or coarse hair.
May suit
Dry, coarse, curly or thick hair wanting extra softness.
Worth knowing
Rich and nourishing, so amounts can be adjusted to hair type.
Glyceryl StearateThickeners and stabilisers
Emulsifier and texture enhancer
Helps blend oil and water and gives haircare formulas a smooth, creamy texture.
May suit
Those who like richer conditioners or masks that feel smooth and spread easily.
Worth knowing
It also offers light conditioning and can help soften the feel of hair. It is widely used in both skincare and haircare for its reliable stabilising properties.
PEG-100 StearateCleansers / surfactants
Emulsifier / surfactant
Helps oil‑ and water‑based ingredients blend smoothly and supports even product texture.
May suit
Those who prefer creamy, uniform formulas that spread easily through the hair.
Worth knowing
It is widely used in conditioners and styling products to keep formulas stable and consistent. Although derived from fatty acids, it primarily functions as a processing and texture ingredient.
Isopropyl AlcoholSolvents
Solvent
Helps dissolve ingredients and supports quick-drying formulas.
May suit
Those using styling products that benefit from fast evaporation, such as sprays.
Worth knowing
It is commonly used at low levels to improve texture and spreadability. It evaporates quickly, leaving minimal residue on the hair.
Butylene GlycolHumectants
Humectant and solvent
Butylene Glycol helps attract and hold moisture while improving the spreadability of hair products.
May suit
Those looking for hydrated, smoother-feeling hair or lighter-feeling formulations.
Worth knowing
It is commonly used to help ingredients dissolve and to give formulas a soft, glide-on texture. It appears in many leave-in and rinse-off products due to its versatility.
ParfumFragrance ingredients
Fragrance
Gives the product its scent.
May suit
People who enjoy a scented product.
Worth knowing
Fragrance preference is personal. Some people prefer fragrance-free formulas by choice.
Camellia Oleifera Seed OilOils and butters
Nourishing plant oil
A lightweight plant oil that helps smooth, soften and condition the hair.
May suit
Those seeking added softness, shine or frizz control, particularly in dry or coarse hair.
Worth knowing
It is rich in fatty acids, which can support hair feel and manageability without heavy residue. Often used in both rinse-off and leave-in formulas.
PhenoxyethanolPreservatives
Preservative
Helps keep the product stable and pleasant to use after opening.
May suit
All products that need protecting from spoilage.
Worth knowing
A very common, well-studied preservative used at low levels.
Polyquaternium-7Conditioning agents
Conditioning polymer
A conditioning polymer that helps smooth, soften and reduce static in the hair.
May suit
People looking for improved slip, reduced frizz or easier detangling.
Worth knowing
It is commonly used in shampoos, conditioners and styling products to enhance manageability and provide a light, non‑heavy feel. It is well known for offering conditioning benefits without weighing the hair down.
Polyquaternium-10Conditioning agents
Conditioning agent
A conditioning polymer that smooths the hair surface and helps with detangling and feel.
May suit
Most hair types wanting smoother, easier-to-manage hair.
Worth knowing
Widely used in shampoos and conditioners for slip and softness.
Hydrolysed QuinoaProteins and amino acids
Strengthening protein
A plant-derived protein used to help support hair strength and improve softness.
May suit
Those looking to enhance manageability, reduce the feel of dryness, or support colour retention.
Worth knowing
Hydrolysed quinoa contains smaller protein fragments that can lightly film the hair, helping it feel smoother. It is often included in colour-care and strengthening formulas.
Tocopheryl AcetateConditioning agents
Antioxidant and conditioning support
A stable form of vitamin E used to help condition hair and support product stability.
May suit
Those looking for added conditioning support or antioxidant benefits in their haircare.
Worth knowing
It is commonly used because it is more stable than pure vitamin E while still offering similar benefits. It appears in many leave-in and rinse-off formulations.
Lactic AcidpH adjusters
pH adjuster
Helps adjust and maintain the product’s pH for optimal performance.
May suit
Those looking for formulas that help smooth the cuticle or gently refine the scalp surface.
Worth knowing
Lactic Acid can also provide mild hydrating and smoothing benefits in haircare. Its pH-balancing role helps support product stability and performance.
Benzoic AcidPreservatives
Preservative
Helps protect haircare products by supporting the preservation system and maintaining formula stability.
May suit
Those who want products that remain fresh and effective throughout their shelf life.
Worth knowing
Benzoic Acid is often used alongside other preservatives to create a broad-spectrum system. It also plays a minor role in helping maintain a product’s pH balance.
Tetrasodium Glutamate DiacetateChelating agents
Chelating agent
Helps bind and neutralise metal ions in a formula to support product stability and performance.
May suit
Those using hard water or products prone to mineral build‑up may appreciate its inclusion.
Worth knowing
It is often used as a readily biodegradable alternative to traditional chelating agents. By managing metal ions, it can help formulas stay consistent over time.
Dehydroacetic AcidPreservatives
Preservative
Helps keep haircare formulas stable by preventing product spoilage.
May suit
Those who want products to stay fresh for longer, including people who use products slowly or store them in humid bathrooms.
Worth knowing
It is often used at low levels and works well alongside other preservative systems to support formula longevity. It is commonly included in both rinse-off and leave-in products.
Olea Europaea Leaf ExtractBotanical extracts
Botanical extract
A plant-derived extract used to support conditioning and provide antioxidant benefits in haircare.
May suit
Those looking for plant-based ingredients that help maintain hair and scalp comfort.
Worth knowing
Olive leaf extract is commonly included in formulas for its soothing and antioxidant properties. It is typically used in small amounts to complement a product’s overall conditioning profile.
Terminalia Ferdinandiana Fruit ExtractBotanical extracts
Antioxidant botanical extract
A plant extract used for its antioxidant content and supportive conditioning benefits.
May suit
Those looking for plant-based ingredients that help support hair and scalp vitality.
Worth knowing
Kakadu plum is known for its naturally high vitamin C content, which can help support overall hair and scalp care formulations. It is commonly included in modern botanical or antioxidant-focused products.
Vitis Vinifera Seed ExtractBotanical extracts
Botanical antioxidant
A plant extract used to support hair and scalp with antioxidant and conditioning benefits.
May suit
Those looking for gentle botanical ingredients that may help protect hair from environmental stress.
Worth knowing
Grape-derived extracts are commonly used in haircare for their antioxidant polyphenols and lightweight conditioning properties. They are generally included to complement a formula rather than act as a primary active.
EthylhexylglycerinPreservatives
Preservative booster
Helps support the preservation system and can provide mild skin-conditioning benefits.
May suit
Those interested in gentle preservation systems or sensitive scalps may find it relevant.
Worth knowing
It is often paired with other preservatives to improve their effectiveness while allowing for lower usage levels. It also has light moisturising and conditioning properties.
Benzyl AlcoholPreservatives
Preservative
Helps preserve formulations and can also act as a solvent or light fragrance component.
May suit
Those interested in understanding preservative systems or identifying potential fragrance allergens.
Worth knowing
Benzyl Alcohol is commonly used in professional haircare to support product stability and texture. It can also naturally occur in some essential oils.
Sodium AcetatepH adjusters
pH adjuster
Helps maintain the desired pH level of a haircare formula.
May suit
Those interested in products formulated for pH balance or stability.
Worth knowing
It supports formula consistency and can enhance the performance of other ingredients by keeping the product within its optimal pH range.
Sodium ChlorideThickeners and stabilisers
Viscosity adjuster
Sodium Chloride is used to adjust the thickness of shampoos and other cleansing formulas.
May suit
Those interested in how a product’s texture and lather are achieved.
Worth knowing
It is a simple mineral salt that helps create a familiar shampoo feel and can influence how a cleanser spreads through the hair.
Potassium SorbatePreservatives
Preservative
Helps keep haircare formulas stable by preventing the growth of microbes.
May suit
Anyone who uses water-based products that benefit from reliable preservation.
Worth knowing
It is commonly used alongside other preservation systems to maintain product freshness and extend shelf life. It is generally well tolerated in rinse-off and leave-in products.
Sodium BenzoatePreservatives
Preservative
Helps protect water-based products from spoilage so they stay usable.
May suit
All products that need a preservative system.
Worth knowing
Often paired with other preservatives for broad protection.
Alpha-Isomethyl IononeFragrance ingredients
Fragrance component
A fragrance component with a soft, violet-like character.
Worth knowing
A fragrance component that must be listed separately on labels because a minority of people can be sensitive to it. Its presence is normal, required disclosure and is not a quality signal.
Hexyl CinnamalFragrance ingredients
Fragrance component
A fragrance ingredient used to give products a light, floral scent.
May suit
Those who enjoy subtly scented haircare products.
Worth knowing
It is one of the fragrance components that must be listed separately when present above certain levels. People with known fragrance sensitivities may choose to monitor for it.
LimoneneFragrance ingredients
Fragrance component
A fragrance component that also occurs naturally in many citrus and plant oils.
Worth knowing
A fragrance component that must be listed separately on labels because a minority of people can be sensitive to it. Its presence is normal, required disclosure and is not a quality signal.
LinaloolFragrance ingredients
Fragrance component
A fragrance component found naturally in many flowers and spices.
Worth knowing
A fragrance component that must be listed separately on labels because a minority of people can be sensitive to it. Its presence is normal, required disclosure and is not a quality signal.